Numbers in python

Int

Int, or integer, is a whole number, positive or negative, without decimals, of unlimited length.

x = 11
y = 20200108
z = -9874666

print(x)
print(type(x))
print(y)
print(type(y))
print(z)
print(type(z))

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Float

Float, or "floating point number" is a number, positive or negative, containing one or more decimals.

x = 11.0
y = 20200108.01
z = -35.59

print(x)
print(type(x))
print(y)
print(type(y))
print(z)
print(type(z))

x = 35e3
y = 12E4
z = -87.7e100

print(type(x))
print(type(y))
print(type(z))

Note: "e" to indicate the power of 10.

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Complex

Complex numbers are written with a "i" as the imaginary part:

x = 3+5i
y = 5i
z = -5i

print(type(x))
print(type(y))
print(type(z))

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Random Number

Python does not have a random() function to make a random number, but Python has a built-in module called random that can be used to make random numbers:

import random

print(random.randrange(1,10))#prints 8

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Hexadecimal

Using the function hex() we can convert numbers into a hexadecimal format:

a=246


print(hex(a))#prints '0xf6'

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Binary

Using the function bin() you can convert numbers into their binary format.

b=1234

print(bin(b))#prints '0b10011010010'

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Exponentials

The function pow() takes two arguments, equivalent to x^y. With three arguments it is equivalent to (x^y)%z, but may be more efficient for long integers.

print(pow(3,4))# prints 81


print(pow(3,4,5))# prints 1

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Absolute Value

The function abs() returns the absolute value of a number. The argument may be an integer or a floating point number. If the argument is a complex number, its magnitude is returned.

print(abs(-3.14))#prints 3.14


print(abs(3))#prints 3

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Round

The function round() will round a number to a given precision in decimal digits (default 0 digits). It does not convert integers to floats.

print(round(3,2))#prints 3

print(round(395,-2))#prints 400

print(round(3.1415926535,2))#prints 3.14